hi Liriel
When a sim is restarted, or brought back up after experiencing problems it is sometimes wrongly set back in time a bit by Linden Lab.
This means all the contents is set back in time, which includes the stats of your cats.
The Milk & Food bowls are rolled back equally though, so cats will not consume more then they should.
Cats which were sleeping can indeed take a double hit as they were hungry already.
A workaround would be to save all the data for food bowls and cats outside of SL, but in such a case other problems could occure, for example when there is a communication problem between SecondLife and the external database.
Each system has its advantages and disadvantages, but the problem you experienced only counts for a small amount of situations.
While we always try to improve and create workarounds, i think this is an issue that should be solved mostly by Linden Lab.
Appart from what you experienced, it causes for example several other problems, including duplicates or the loss of items.
Regards,
KittyCatS